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Stateless Subscriptions

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Description

This example demonstrates getSubscribedTransactions for serverless patterns.

Use the stateless function instead of the AlgorandSubscriber class
Manage watermark externally between calls
Verify no overlap between consecutive calls

Prerequisites

LocalNet running (via algokit localnet start)

Run This Example

From the repository’s examples/subscriber directory:

cd examples/subscriber
npx tsx 14-stateless-subscriptions.ts

Code

View source on GitHub

/**
 * Example: Stateless Subscriptions
 *
 * This example demonstrates getSubscribedTransactions for serverless patterns.
 * - Use the stateless function instead of the AlgorandSubscriber class
 * - Manage watermark externally between calls
 * - Verify no overlap between consecutive calls
 *
 * Prerequisites:
 * - LocalNet running (via `algokit localnet start`)
 */
import { algo, AlgorandClient } from '@algorandfoundation/algokit-utils'
import type { AlgodClient } from '@algorandfoundation/algokit-utils/algod-client'
import { getSubscribedTransactions } from '@algorandfoundation/algokit-subscriber'
import type { TransactionSubscriptionParams } from '@algorandfoundation/algokit-subscriber/types/subscription'
import { printHeader, printStep, printInfo, printSuccess, printError, shortenAddress, formatAlgo } from './shared/utils.js'

/**
 * Simulates a serverless/cron handler that receives a watermark,
 * calls getSubscribedTransactions, and returns results + new watermark.
 */
async function statelessPoll(
  algod: AlgodClient,
  watermark: bigint,
  senderAddr: string,
): Promise<{ transactions: string[]; newWatermark: bigint; roundRange: [bigint, bigint] }> {
  const params: TransactionSubscriptionParams = {
    filters: [
      {
        name: 'payments',
        filter: {
          sender: senderAddr,
        },
      },
    ],
    watermark,
    syncBehaviour: 'sync-oldest',
    maxRoundsToSync: 100,
  }

  const result = await getSubscribedTransactions(params, algod)

  return {
    transactions: result.subscribedTransactions.map((txn) => txn.id),
    newWatermark: result.newWatermark,
    roundRange: result.syncedRoundRange,
  }
}

async function main() {
  printHeader('14 — getSubscribedTransactions (Stateless)')

  // Step 1: Connect to LocalNet
  printStep(1, 'Connect to LocalNet')
  const algorand = AlgorandClient.defaultLocalNet()
  const algod = algorand.client.algod
  const status = await algod.status()
  printInfo(`Current round: ${status.lastRound.toString()}`)
  printSuccess('Connected to LocalNet')

  // Step 2: Create and fund sender account
  printStep(2, 'Create and fund sender account')
  const sender = await algorand.account.fromEnvironment('STATELESS_SENDER', algo(10))
  const senderAddr = sender.addr.toString()
  printInfo(`Sender: ${shortenAddress(senderAddr)}`)

  // Step 3: Send first batch of 2 payments
  printStep(3, 'Send first batch of payments (2 transactions)')
  const txn1 = await algorand.send.payment({
    sender: sender.addr,
    receiver: sender.addr,
    amount: algo(1),
    note: 'stateless batch-1 txn-1',
  })
  printInfo(`Txn 1 ID: ${txn1.txIds.at(-1)}`)
  printInfo(`Txn 1 round: ${txn1.confirmation!.confirmedRound!.toString()}`)

  const txn2 = await algorand.send.payment({
    sender: sender.addr,
    receiver: sender.addr,
    amount: algo(2),
    note: 'stateless batch-1 txn-2',
  })
  printInfo(`Txn 2 ID: ${txn2.txIds.at(-1)}`)
  printInfo(`Txn 2 round: ${txn2.confirmation!.confirmedRound!.toString()}`)
  printSuccess('Sent 2 payments')

  // Step 4: First stateless call — watermark = firstRound - 1 to capture batch 1
  printStep(4, 'First stateless call (watermark = firstRound - 1)')
  const initialWatermark = txn1.confirmation!.confirmedRound! - 1n
  printInfo(`Input watermark: ${initialWatermark.toString()}`)

  const firstCall = await statelessPoll(algod, initialWatermark, senderAddr)

  printInfo(`Transactions found: ${firstCall.transactions.length.toString()}`)
  printInfo(`Round range: [${firstCall.roundRange[0]}, ${firstCall.roundRange[1]}]`)
  printInfo(`New watermark: ${firstCall.newWatermark.toString()}`)
  for (const txId of firstCall.transactions) {
    printInfo(`  Matched txn: ${txId}`)
  }

  if (firstCall.transactions.length !== 2) {
    printError(`Expected 2 transactions in first call, got ${firstCall.transactions.length}`)
    throw new Error(`Expected 2 transactions in first call, got ${firstCall.transactions.length}`)
  }
  printSuccess('First call returned 2 transactions')

  // Step 5: Send second batch of 2 payments
  printStep(5, 'Send second batch of payments (2 transactions)')
  const txn3 = await algorand.send.payment({
    sender: sender.addr,
    receiver: sender.addr,
    amount: algo(3),
    note: 'stateless batch-2 txn-3',
  })
  printInfo(`Txn 3 ID: ${txn3.txIds.at(-1)}`)
  printInfo(`Txn 3 round: ${txn3.confirmation!.confirmedRound!.toString()}`)

  const txn4 = await algorand.send.payment({
    sender: sender.addr,
    receiver: sender.addr,
    amount: algo(4),
    note: 'stateless batch-2 txn-4',
  })
  printInfo(`Txn 4 ID: ${txn4.txIds.at(-1)}`)
  printInfo(`Txn 4 round: ${txn4.confirmation!.confirmedRound!.toString()}`)
  printSuccess('Sent 2 more payments')

  // Step 6: Second stateless call — uses newWatermark from first call
  printStep(6, 'Second stateless call (watermark from first call)')
  printInfo(`Input watermark: ${firstCall.newWatermark.toString()}`)

  const secondCall = await statelessPoll(algod, firstCall.newWatermark, senderAddr)

  printInfo(`Transactions found: ${secondCall.transactions.length.toString()}`)
  printInfo(`Round range: [${secondCall.roundRange[0]}, ${secondCall.roundRange[1]}]`)
  printInfo(`New watermark: ${secondCall.newWatermark.toString()}`)
  for (const txId of secondCall.transactions) {
    printInfo(`  Matched txn: ${txId}`)
  }

  if (secondCall.transactions.length !== 2) {
    printError(`Expected 2 transactions in second call, got ${secondCall.transactions.length}`)
    throw new Error(`Expected 2 transactions in second call, got ${secondCall.transactions.length}`)
  }
  printSuccess('Second call returned only new transactions')

  // Step 7: Verify no overlap — second call should NOT contain first batch txns
  printStep(7, 'Verify no overlap between calls')
  const firstCallIds = new Set(firstCall.transactions)
  const overlap = secondCall.transactions.filter((id) => firstCallIds.has(id))
  if (overlap.length > 0) {
    printError(`Found ${overlap.length} overlapping transactions between calls`)
    throw new Error('Overlap detected between first and second call')
  }
  printSuccess('No overlap — second call returned only new transactions')

  // Step 8: Contrast with AlgorandSubscriber class
  printStep(8, 'Contrast: getSubscribedTransactions vs AlgorandSubscriber')
  console.log()
  console.log('  getSubscribedTransactions (stateless):')
  console.log('    - No class instantiation, no event system')
  console.log('    - Caller manages watermark externally (DB, file, env var)')
  console.log('    - Single function call: params in -> result out')
  console.log('    - Ideal for serverless functions, cron jobs, Lambda/Cloud Functions')
  console.log('    - No polling loop — caller controls when/how often to call')
  console.log()
  console.log('  AlgorandSubscriber (stateful):')
  console.log('    - Class with start/stop, event emitters (on, onBatch)')
  console.log('    - Built-in watermark persistence (get/set callbacks)')
  console.log('    - Built-in polling loop with configurable frequency')
  console.log('    - Ideal for long-running services and real-time subscriptions')
  console.log()

  // Summary
  printStep(9, 'Summary')
  printInfo(`First call watermark: ${initialWatermark} -> ${firstCall.newWatermark}`)
  printInfo(`Second call watermark: ${firstCall.newWatermark} -> ${secondCall.newWatermark}`)
  printInfo(`Total transactions: ${firstCall.transactions.length + secondCall.transactions.length}`)
  printSuccess('Stateless subscription pattern demonstrated successfully')

  printHeader('Example complete')
}

main().catch((err) => {
  printError(err.message)
  process.exit(1)
})

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